WikiPedia:Selected anniversaries/November

• 1512 - The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican was re-painted in fresco by Michelangelo Buonarroti.
• 1755 - Lisbon was destroyed by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between sixty and ninety thousand people.
• 1954 - The "Front de Libération Nationale" began the Algerian War of Independence against French rule, with guerrilla attacks in various parts of Algeria.
• 1963 - The Arecibo Observatory, with the world's largest radio telescope, officially opened in Arecibo, Puerto Rico.

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• 1817 - The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opened in Montreal, Quebec.
• 1917 - The Balfour Declaration proclaimed British support for Jewish settlements in Palestine.
• 1947 - Howard Hughes flew Spruce Goose, the largest flying boat ever built, on its maiden flight in Long Beach, California.
• 2000 - The first crew arrived at the International Space Station.

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• 1793 - French playwright, journalist and outspoken feminist Olympe de Gouges was guillotined for her revolutionary ideas.
• 1838 - The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper was founded.
• 1848 - A new constitution of the Netherlands drafted by Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the monarchy, was proclaimed.
• 1957 - The Sputnik 2 spacecraft was launched, carrying Laika the Russian space dog, the first living being to orbit the Earth.
• 1971 - The UNIX Programmer's Manual was first published.

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• 1869 - Nature, one of the oldest and most reputable general purpose scientific journals, was first published.
• 1918 - The German Revolution began when forty-thousand sailors took over the port in Kiel.
• 1956 - Soviet troops invaded Hungary to crush the Hungarian Uprising, killing thousands. Nearly a quarter million fled the country as refugees.
• 1979 - Iranian radicals seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and held the occupants hostage for 444 days.
• 1995 - Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was mortally wounded at a peace rally in Tel Aviv by Yigal Amir.

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• 1688 - Glorious Revolution: Protestant Prince William of Orange landed at Brixham in Devon, on his way to depose his father-in-law King James II, the last Catholic monarch in England.
• 1838 - The United States of Central America began to disintegrate when Honduras separated from the federation.
• 1872 - Suffragette Susan B. Anthony voted in the U.S. presidential election for the first time. She was later fined $100 for her participation.
• 1917 - St. Tikhon of Moscow was elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church.
• 1935 - Parker Brothers released the board game Monopoly.

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• 1789 - John Carroll, S.J., was appointed Bishop of Baltimore, the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.
• 1844 - The Dominican Republic gained its independence from Spain (see History of the Dominican Republic).
• 1918 - The Second Polish Republic was proclaimed in Poland.
• 1962 - The United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761 condemning South Africa's apartheid policies, and called for economic and military sanctions on the nation.

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• 1665 - The London Gazette, the oldest surviving English newspaper, was first published.
• 1885 - In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ended on the Canadian Pacific Railway the first trans-Canada railway.
• 1917 - The October Revolution began as Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led a nearly bloodless coup d'état against the Russian Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky.
• 1940 - In Washington, the middle section of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed in a windstorm.

• 1996 - NASA launched the Mars Global Surveyor.

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• 1519 - Hernán Cortés entered Tenochtitlán where Aztec ruler Moctezuma II welcomed him with great pomp as would befit a returning god.
• 1793 - In Paris, the Louvre was opened to the public as a museum by the French Revolutionary government.
• 1895 - Wilhelm Röntgen discovered x-rays.
• 1942 - Operation Torch of World War II began when United States and United Kingdom forces landed in French North Africa.
• 2002 - The UN Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1441 forcing Iraq to disarm or face "serious consequences".

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• 1799 - The 18 Brumaire coup led by Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Napoléon Bonaparte deposed the government of France.
• 1872 - The Great Boston Fire of 1872 began, eventually destroying over 700 buildings in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1965 - In the Northeast Blackout of 1965 several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 1/2 hours.
• 1989 - The Berlin Wall fell, marking the symbolic end of the Cold War, impending collapse of the Warsaw Pact, and beginning of the end of Soviet communism.

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• 1871 - "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", Henry Morton Stanley located missing missionary and explorer, David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika in present-day Tanzania.
• 1928 - Hirohito was crowned the 124th Emperor of Japan.
• 1969 - Sesame Street debuted on National Educational Television.
• 1975 - The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 3379, which equated Zionism with racism.
• 1995 - Playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, was executed by the Nigerian military government.

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• 1675 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the y = x function.
• 1880 - Australian bank robber and bushranger Edward "Ned" Kelly was hanged in Melbourne.
• 1930 - A patent was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein Refrigerator.
• 1965 - Ian Smith, Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia, issued the Unilateral Declaration of Independence.

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November 12:

• 1927 - Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin in undisputed control of the Soviet Union.
• 1936 - In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opened to traffic.
• 1970 - The Oregon Highway Division attempted to destroy a rotting beached Grey whale with explosives, leading to the exploding whale incident.
• 1991 - Indonesian forces opened fire on student demonstrators in the Díli Massacre.
• 2001 - Taliban forces abandoned Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops.

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Trafalgar square

• 1887 - Bloody Sunday clashes in Trafalgar Square
• 1970 - A 100-mph tropical cyclone hit the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people (this is regarded as the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster).
• 1982 - The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
• 1985 - The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted, causing a lahar (volcanic mudslide) that buried Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people.
• 1990 - The first known web page was written. [1] (http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Link.html)

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• 1851 - Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick was first published.
• 1940 - World War II: Coventry was heavily bombed in a raid by 500 Luftwaffe bombers.
• 1971 - Mariner 9 reached Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet.
• 1990 - The Federal Republic of Germany amended its constitution to confirm the Polish border at the Oder-Neisse line.

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• 655 - Oswiu of Northumbria defeated and slew Penda of Mercia at the Battle of Winwaed in Mediæval Britain.
• 1889 - Deodoro da Fonseca overthrew Emperor Pedro II to become the first President of the First Republic of Brazil.
• 1920 - The first general assembly of the League of Nations was held in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1971 - Intel released the world's first microprocessor, the 4004.
• 2002 - Hu Jintao became General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.

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• 1532 - Francisco Pizarro and his men captured Incan Emperor Atahualpa and his nobles.
• 1885 - Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", Louis Riel, was executed for high treason.
• 1981 - Luke and Laura marry on General Hospital; it is the highest-rated hour in American daytime television history.
• 2002 - The first known outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began in the Guangdong province of China.

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• 1558 - Elizabeth I ascended the English Throne.
• 1869 - The Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, was inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• 1969 - The SALT I negotiations between the Soviet Union and the United States began in Helsinki.
• 1970 - Douglas Engelbart received the patent for the first computer mouse.
• 1989 - The Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia began.

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• 1307 - William Tell, a legendary marksman in Switzerland, is said to have successfully shot an apple on the head of his son with a single bolt from his crossbow.
• 1905 - Prince Carl of Denmark became Haakon VII, the first King of Norway after the personal union of Sweden-Norway was dissolved.
• 1959 - Ben-Hur, a film based on a bestselling historical novel by Lew Wallace, premiered in New York City. It went on to win an unprecedented eleven Academy Awards.
• 1978 - Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the People's Temple to a mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana.
• 1985 - Calvin and Hobbes, a comic strip by Bill Watterson, was first published.

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• 1493 - Christopher Columbus became the first European to land on Puerto Rico, an island he named San Juan Bautista.
• 1794 - The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain concluded the Jay Treaty.
• 1863 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address.
• 1942 - Soviet forces under General Georgy Zhukov launched the Operation Uranus envelopment at the Battle of Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the Soviet Union's favor.
• 1977 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel; he met with Prime Minister Menachem Begin and spoke before the Knesset.

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• Anniversary of the Revolution (1910), Zumbi Day (1978).
• 1700 - At the Battle of Narva King Charles XII of Sweden defeated the army of Tsar Peter the Great.
• 1789 - New Jersey became the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
• 1969 - Vietnam War: The Cleveland Plain Dealer published explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Vietnam.
• 1975 - Spain: Spanish dictator Francisco Franco died in Madrid at 77 years old, after being the Spanish ruler during 39 years.
• 1999 - The People's Republic of China launched its first Shenzhou spacecraft.

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• 1783 - Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent made the first untethered hot air balloon flight.
• 1877 - Thomas Edison announced his invention of the phonograph.
• 1969 - The first ARPANET link was established.
• 2002 - NATO invited Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.

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• 1718 - Off the coast of North Carolina, English pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") was killed in battle by a boarding party from HMS Pearl.
• 1963 - In Dallas, Texas, U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn-in as the 36th President of the United States.
• 1975 - Juan Carlos was declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco.
• 1986 - Mike Tyson became the youngest world heavyweight-boxing champion.

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• 1644 - Areopagitica, a speech to Parliament for freedom of printing, by John Milton was published.
• 1869 - In Dumbarton in Scotland the clipper ship Cutty Sark was launched.
• 1890 - King William III of the Netherlands died without a male heir and a special law was passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to become Queen.
• 1963 - The BBC television series Doctor Who premiered with William Hartnell in the titular role.
• 1971 - The People's Republic of China was given China's permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council.
• 2003 - Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigned following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.

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Bulldozer with a caterpillar track

• 1642 - Abel Tasman led the first European expedition to reach Tasmania.
• 1859 - The Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin was first published, and it immediately sold out its initial print run.
• 1904 - The first successful caterpillar track was made.
• 1963 - Alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was mortally wounded when Jack Ruby shot him in Dallas, Texas on live national television.
• 1998 - America Online announced it would acquire Netscape Communications in a stock-for-stock transaction worth US$4.2 billion.

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• 1034 - Malcolm II of Scotland died. Duncan, the son of his second daughter, instead of Macbeth, the son of his eldest daughter, inherited the throne.
• 1982 - Joey Born in Milwaukee.
• 1984 - Band Aid: 36 top pop musicians of Britain and Ireland gathered in a Notting Hill studio to record the song "Do They Know It's Christmas" in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
• 1992 - Velvet Divorce: Legislators in Czechoslovakia voted to split their country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, effective January 1, 1993.

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• 1778 - In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook became the first European to discover Maui.
• 1917 - The National Hockey League was formed with its first six teams.
• 1922 - Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon became the first people to enter the tomb of Egyptian King Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.
• 1950 - Battle of Chosin Reservoir: Chinese forces moved into North Korea and launched a massive counterattack against South Korean and United States armed forces, ending any thought of a quick end to the Korean War.

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• 1095 - At the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade.
• 1978 - San Francisco mayor George Moscone and openly gay supervisor Harvey Milk were assassinated by supervisor Dan White.
• 1990 - The British Conservative Party selected John Major as its leader, causing him to be appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 2001 - A hydrogen atmosphere was discovered on the extrasolar planet Osiris by the Hubble Space Telescope.

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• 1660 - At Gresham College, 12 men met after a lecture by Christopher Wren and founded what later became known as the Royal Society.
• 1905 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founded Sinn Féin as a political party with the goal of independence for all of Ireland.
• 1912 - Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1943 - The Teheran Conference between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin began.

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• 1777 - San José de Guadalupe, the first town in the Spanish colony of California, was founded.
• 1890 - The Diet of Japan, modelled after the German Reichstag, first met, when the Meiji Constitution went into effect in Japan.
• 1929 - Rear Admiral Richard Byrd and two passengers completed the first flight over the South Pole.
• 1947 - The United Nations General Assembly voted to partition the British Mandate of Palestine between Arabs and Jews.

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• 1939 - Soviet forces invaded Finland, starting the Winter War, but were stalled at the Mannerheim Line.
• 1954 - In Sylacauga, Alabama, a 4 kg meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and hits Ann Hodges, badly bruising her, in the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person.
• 1974 - The skeleton of "Lucy", a 3.18 million years old female hominid, of the genus Australopithecus, was discovered in Ethiop