March 31

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March.

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Contents

1 Events

2 Births

3 Deaths

4 Holidays and observances

5 External links

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Events

307 - After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
1717 - A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
1774 - American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
1854 - Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
1866 - Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valpara�so, Chile
1885 - The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
1889 - The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
1903 - Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
1906 - The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
1909 - Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
1917 - The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
1918 - Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
1930 - The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years.
1931 - An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
1933 - The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
1949 - Newfoundland and Labrador joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada.
1959 - The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
1964 - The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
1966 - The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
1967 - Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London's Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
1968 - President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
1970 - Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
1970- Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
1979 - In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing "Hallelujah".
1979 - The last Bristish soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta is no longer a military base.
1985 - The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City's Madison Square Garden.
1986 - A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166
1986 - Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England
1990 - Boxer Julio C�sar Ch�vez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing's world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as "Thunder Meets Lightning".
1991 - The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
1992 - The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
1993 - Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
1994 - The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
1995 - Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist's fan club.
1998 - Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
2004 - Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
2004 - In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
2004 - Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.

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Births

250 - Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (d. 306)
1499 - Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)
1504 - Guru Angad Dev, second Sikh guru (d. 1552)
1519 - Henry II of France (d. 1559)
1536 - Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (d. 1565)
1596 - Ren� Descartes, French mathematician (d. 1650)
1621 - Andrew Marvell, English poet (d. 1678)
1675 - Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
1732 - Franz Josef Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
1809 - Edward FitzGerald, poet (d. 1883)
1809 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852)
1811 - Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, chemist and inventor (d. 1899)
1878 - Jack Johnson, American boxer (d. 1946)
1885 - Pascin, Bulgarian painter (d. 1930)
1891 - Victor Varconi, Hungarian film actor (d. 1976)
1900 - Richard Alexander Walter Windsor, Duke of Gloucester
1911 - Elisabeth Gr�mmer, Alsatian soprano (d. 1986)
1912 - Hermann H�cherl, German politician (d. 1989)
1914 - Octavio Paz, Mexican writer, diplomat, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
1915 - Albert Hourani, historian (d. 1993)
1922 - Richard Kiley, actor and singer (d. 1999)
1924 - Leo Buscaglia, American author (d. 1998)
1926 - John Fowles, author
1927 - C�sar Ch�vez, American labor activist (d. 1993)
1927 - William Daniels, actor
1928 - Gordie Howe, hockey player
1928 - Lefty Frizzell, country music performer
1929 - Lucille Bliss, voice actress
1929- Liz Claiborne, Belgian fashion designer
1934 - Shirley Jones, singer, actress
1934- Richard Chamberlain, actor
1935 - Herb Alpert, musician
1935- Judith Rossner, American author
1939 - Zviad Gamsakhurdia, scientist, writer, and first President of the Republic of Georgia (d. 1993)
1939- Volker Schl�ndorff, German film director
1940 - Patrick Leahy, U.S. Senator from Vermont
1943 - Christopher Walken, actor
1945 - Gabe Kaplan, American actor and comedian
1946 - Gonzalo M�rquez, Major League Baseball player (d. 1984)
1948 - Al Gore, Vice President of the United States
1948 - Rhea Perlman, actress
1950 - Ed Marinaro, American football player, actor
1955 - Angus Young, British-Australian musician (AC/DC)
1957 - Marc McClure, American actor
1965 - William McNamara, American actor
1966 - Roger Black, British athlete
1971 - Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
1971 - Pavel Bure, hockey player
1973 - Bold Forbes, racehorse (d. 2000)
1976 - Josh Saviano, actor

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Deaths

1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France and England (b. 1121)
1631 - John Donne, English writer and prelate (b. 1572)
1783 - Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian statesman (b. 1718)
1837 - John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
1855 - Charlotte Bront�, English author (b. 1816)
1880 - Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer
1913 - John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
1917 - Emil Adolf von Behring, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
1915 - Wyndham Halswelle, British runner
1931 - Knute Rockne, American football coach (b. 1888)
1945 - Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
1945 - Anne Frank, German-born diarist (b. 1929)
1952 - Wallace H. White, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine (b. 1877)
1954 - Edwin Armstrong, electrical engineer
1956 - Ralph DePalma, race car driver (b. 1884)
1975 - Spider Sabich, American skier
1978 - Charles Best, medical scientist (b. 1899)
1980 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (b. 1913)
1981 - Enid Bagnold, British author, playwright
1985 - The Singing Nun, Belgian nun and singer
1986 - Jerry Paris, American actor
1988 - William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)
1993 - Brandon Lee, actor (b. 1965)
1995 - Selena, Tejano singer (b. 1971)
1998 - Bella Abzug, American politician (b. 1920)
2002 - Barry Took, British comedian and writer
2003 - H.S.M. Coxeter, geometer and author
2003 - Anne Gwynne, American actress
2005 - Terri Schiavo, right-to-die and right-to-live symbol
2005 - Frank Perdue, poultry farmer (b. 1920)
2005 - Stanley J. Korsmeyer, oncologist (b. 1951)

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Holidays and observances

Easter Sunday observed in 1991, 2002, 2013, and 2024
New Jersey - Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
C�sar Ch�vez Day - official holiday in five states and many cities across the US
Freedom Day in Malta