Computer hardware

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Hardware comprises all of the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on, and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks. The boundary between hardware and software is slightly blurry—firmware is software that is "built-in" to the hardware, but such firmware is usually the province of computer programmers and computer engineers in any case and not an issue that computer users need to concern themselves with.

A typical computer (personal computer, PC) consists of a desktop or tower case (chassis) and the following parts:

System board/Motherboard which holds the CPU, Random Access Memory and other parts, and has slots for expansion cards
- RAM (Random Access Memory)- for program execution and short term data-storage, so the computer doesn't have to take the time to access the hard drive to find something. More RAM can contibute to a faster PC
- Buses :
  - PCI bus
  - PCI-E bus
  - ISA bus (outdated)
  - USB
  - AGP
power supply - a case that holds a transformer, voltage control and fan
storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-board) or on expansion cards
video display controller that produces the output for the computer display
computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Firewire) to connect the computer to external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners
Some type of a removable media writer:
- CD - the most common type of removable media, cheap but fragile.
- DVD
- Floppy disk
- Tape Drive - mainly for backup and long-term storage
Internal storage - keeps data inside the computer for later use.
- Hard disk - for medium-term storage of data.
- Disk array controller
Sound card - translates signals from the system board into analog voltage levels, and has terminals to plug in speakers.
Networking - to connect the computer to the Internet and/or other computers
- Modem - for dial-up connections
- Network card - for DSL/Cable internet, and/or connecting to other computers.
Other peripherals